Inclusion means that a person feels they are a significant part of an entity with others. Social functioning is manifested through one’s role as an actor with and among others, interaction with social networks, social activities and participation, as well as experiences of coexistence and inclusion. Psychological functioning is the ability to feel, experience, form perceptions of oneself and the surrounding world, plan life, find solutions, and make decisions. įunctioning is closely related to health and comprises a psychological, social, physical and cognitive dimension. It is also a central legal concept regulating sickness and social insurance policies. It can be used to specify the expectations of employees in terms of the competence needed for different kinds of work, in disease prevention and health promotion and as an instrument to determine the degree and type of rehabilitation needed by individuals. It is associated with all factors of working life: the individual, the workplace, the immediate social environment, and the society. Work ability can be defined as a combination of health, functioning, basic standard competence and the relevant occupational virtues required for managing reasonable work tasks in an acceptable environment. The evidence suggests that reducing unemployment would lead to improved quality of life and health outcomes and should be a priority. Prolonged unemployment may lead to social exclusion, marginalisation, and inequality in working life. In 2017 in the European Union (EU), the unemployment rate was 7.6% and of those who were unemployed, 45.1% were long-term unemployed. It is well established that unemployment is associated with a lower educational level and poorer health and well-being. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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